M365 Create Remote PowerShell Shortcut (updated)

In a previous post, I showed how to create a Remote PowerShell shortcut for Office 365 using Remote PowerShell (RPS), to save you from having to type in the remote session every time you connect.

Since Microsoft has deprecated RPS in favor of REST API, I've created a new script that will import the needed sessions and connect to the following M365 services in one shot:

Azure AD
SharePoint Online
Exchange Online
Security & Compliance Center
Teams

First, you'll need the latest EXO (Exchange Online) module - 3.3.0 at the time of this writing - in order to connect to Security & Compliance, which you can get here.

Next, set your PowerShell execution policy - I use Unrestricted but you can use RemoteSigned:

Set-ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted

Now, we'll grab the other required modules:

MSOL

PowerShell Gallery | MSOnline 1.1.183.66

SharePoint

PowerShell Gallery | Microsoft.Online.SharePoint.PowerShell 16.0.24009.12000

Teams

Install .NET 4.7.2 or higher

Run the two following cmdlets:

Install-Module -Name PowerShellGet -Force -AllowClobber

Install-Module -Name MicrosoftTeams -Force -AllowClobber

**Note** We're using MSOL because it's more comprehensive than AzureAD

**Note** Security & Compliance uses the EXO module, so nothing is needed for that.

Next, copy the following block and paste it into Notepad:

$acctName="admin_u251044@bcm.edu"

$orgName="bcm.edu"

#Azure Active Directory

Connect-MsolService

#SharePoint Online

Connect-SPOService -Url https://bcmedu-admin.sharepoint.com

#Security & Compliance Center

Import-Module ExchangeOnlineManagement

Connect-IPPSSession -UserPrincipalName $acctName

#Exchange Online

Connect-ExchangeOnline -UserPrincipalName $acctName -ShowProgress $true

#Teams and Skype for Business Online

Import-Module MicrosoftTeams

Connect-MicrosoftTeams

Save it as a .ps1 with a name like Connect-365.ps1 to somewhere like C:\Scripts

Next, create a PowerShell shortcut anywhere, like on your Desktop:

Right-click the Desktop > New > Shortcut

In the location field, enter:

Powershell.exe

Click Next

Give it a name like O365RemotePS and click Finish.

Right-click the new O365RemotePS shortcut, and go to Properties.

In the Target field, add the following to the end of the line:

-NoExit -File "C:\Scripts\Connect-365.ps1"

It will look like so:

C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -NoExit -File "C:\Scripts\Connect-365.ps1"

Click OK.

Run your new shortcut as your admin user, and you'll get a windows creds prompt and then the account picker for your Microsoft 365 organization.

**Note** You will get an account picker for each service depending on your security config in M365. 

**Note** Enter creds in the username@orgname.com format.

Once it starts the remote session, you'll be able to run your M365 cmdlets.

I Wrote A Book...

 ...a second book actually! My first book Exchange 2016 Resource Forest Setup can be found here. 

My new eBook Exchange N00b is live on Amazon Kindle. 

You can grab it here: Amazon.com: Exchange N00b eBook

This book is designed to guide fledgling (n00b) Exchange Administrators through the day-to-day management of an Exchange Environment.

The book applies to Exchange 2013/2016/2019, since not much has changed in terms of the GUI interface and basic PowerShell cmdlets and is broken down into sections so you can easily refer to the scenario you find yourself in.

I'm also feeling generous, so if you want a free copy, drop me a note and I'll send ya one!

Exchange 2016 ObjectType '9b026da6-0d3c-465c-8bee-5199d7165cba' Can't Be Resolved

After installing a Server 2016 or Server 2019 Domain Controller into your existing Exchange environment, you'll get the following error prompt when trying to edit/view Mailbox Delegation or edit a Distribution Group in the EAC.

The object exchangeitup.com / Mailboxes / Shared Mailboxes / HR Shared Mailbox has been corrupted, and it's in an inconsistent state. The following validation errors happened:

The access control entry defines the ObjectType '9b026da6-0d3c-465c-8bee-5199d7165cba' that can't be resolved ..

This is because when promoting the server it extends the Schema, which breaks Exchange ACLs. 

**Note** It extends the Schema just by promoting the DC, even when leaving the Domain/Forest Functional Level as is.

Most online resources say restart IIS or restart the Exchange Server(s). Don't do that! Bouncing IIS will cause client disconnects, and restarting a whole server? Just...no.

A quicker and safer fix is to recycle the ECP pools on each Mailbox server by running the following cmdlet in the Exchange Management Shell:

Restart-WebAppPool -Name MSExchangeECPAppPool

Now refresh or close and reopen the EAC and it works!

Exchange Dealing With Mailbox Retention In A Resource Forest

If you follow my blog, you know I run an Exchange Resource Forest (which really sucks). A quick rundown on the innerworkings of a Resource Forest involves syncing Active Directory accounts from the Accounts Forest (your main domain) to the Resource Forest (your Exchange domain) using a dirsync service like FIM/MIM. You can also see how it's set up in my post from a while back.

The problem we have in my environment is: government regulations require a certain retention time period on mailbox and mailbox items because of the type of business we do. This causes a big problem when removing AD accounts when employees leave the company. If you delete the AD account in the Accounts Forest, you'll end up deleting the AD account and mailbox along with it in the Resource Forest as soon as MIM completes its next scheduled sync.

So, I've come up with a way to be able to delete the user in the Accounts Forest, while keeping the mailbox intact for retention/historical data...this is also helpful when an employee leaves, and you've set Full Access on their mailbox for other users (like their previous manager) who need that data.

Move the AD Account In The Resource Forest

First, we'll create an Organizational Unit (OU) in the Resource Forest that isn't included in the MIM-sync, which will be outside the sync'd container(s); we'll call it something like "Disabled Mailboxes" - clever, eh?

Then, we'll move the soon-to-be-deleted user into this new OU. This will effectively "break" the sync, since MIM in the Accounts Forest will no longer "see" the AD account in the Resource Forest, because it's not in the sync'd OU any longer.

Convert The Linked Mailbox

Next, we'll convert the Linked Mailbox to a User Mailbox. We need to do this because deleting the AD account in the Accounts Forest (also called the "Linked Master Account") will also delete the mailbox along with it. So, converting to a User Mailbox will unlink the mailbox leaving it only connected to the Resource Forest Account.

To convert the Linked Mailbox to a User mailbox, fire up the Exchange Management Shell (EMS) and run:

Get-Mailbox "Account to be deleted name" | Set-User -LinkedMasterAccount $null

**Note** Change "Account to be deleted name" to the name of the account you're deleting.

The above cmdlet will wipe the Linked Master Account from the mailbox, and if you check the mailbox in the EAC or with the EMS, it will show "User Mailbox" as the Mailbox Type, now.

Delete The Accounts Forest AD Account

Now that we have moved our Resource Forest Account and converted the mailbox, nothing is tying it to the original/main account in the Accounts Forest. You can now delete the AD account from the Accounts Forest.

Once you've deleted it, depending on your MIM sync interval (usually 30 minutes) to verify that everything still works, go check the account/mailbox in the Resource Forest and you'll see that it's still there. 

**Note** The AD account in the Resource Forest will still be disabled, as is standard with Linked Mailboxes, so Mailbox Delegation will still work, but no one will be able to directly log in to it. If that needs to happen, you can just enable the AD account.

Now, you can keep those mailboxes around for however long you need them, while keeping a clean and secure Accounts Forest!

Exchange Set Forwarding On Mailboxes In Bulk From CSV

My company just sold off a couple of its business units and the sales agreement says offboarding users must keep their legacy email access for 6 months. But, they also need messages forwarded to their new (external) email addresses.

Normally, you could do this by OU (Organizational Unit) but in my case, not everyone in that OU is leaving and management didn't want to create a new OU since GPOs and ACLs are already linked to said OU.

So, we need to be able to import a CSV of those specific users and set the forwarding in one shot...I have about 450 users in my list, that would take a long time doing it manually :)

Create A New Send Connector

First, we need to create a dedicated Send Connector going out to the new external domain. This allows us to forward without creating External Contacts for all of the users - much easier:

In the EAC, navigate to Mail Flow, Send Connectors, +

In the New Send Connector window, give it a name like "External Forward" and click Next

Leave MX record selected and click Next

Click the + and under the FQDN type the domain name for the external contact, click Save, and Next

For the Source Server, click the + and select your Edge server if you have one, or your Mailbox servers (all of them) and click Ok, then Finish

Enable Verbose Logging on the Connector:

You'll want full logging on the connector so you can check the SMTPSend protocol logs later to verify successful sending.

In the Exchange Management Shell (EMS), run the following:

Set-SendConnector "External Forward" -ProtocolLoggingLevel Verbose

Optional:

If the external domain requires it, you'll need to enable forced TLS, else messages will be dropped.

In the EMS run the following:

Get-SendConnector "External Forward" | Set-SendConnector -RequireTLS $true

Create New Remote Domain

Next, we need to create a new Remote Domain in Exchange - this will allow incoming messages to hit our Exchange servers and forward/relay on to the new, external domain.

Fire up the Exchange Management Shell (EMS) and run:

New-RemoteDomain -DomainName *.externaldomain.com -Name ExternalDomain

**Note** Change "*.externaldomain.com" to the SMTP domain name of the external domain (using the wildcard will ensure any subdomains are included) and change "ExternalDomain" to the name of the external domain

Next, we need to allow messages to be forwarded to the new remote domain, by running:

Set-RemoteDomain "ExternalDomain" -AutoForwardEnabled $True

**Note** Change "ExternalDomain" to the name you gave it in the earlier cmdlet

Set Forwarding

Now, we'll create our CSV with Email and Forward as the headers and the users' current email and new external email address under like so:

Lastly, we'll run the cmdlet to set the forwarding on the user in the CSV:

$users=Import-csv C:\Temp\emails.csv

ForEach($user in $users){Set-Mailbox $user.email -DeliverToMailboxAndForward $false -ForwardingSMTPAddress $user.forward}

**Note** This cmdlet sets the ForwardingSMTPAddress switch, NOT ForwardingAddress. You can refer to my previous post to see the difference between those, but in a nutshell ForwardingSMTPAddress is what you use when using a dedicated Send Connector and Remote Domain.

**Note** This will set the messages to be forwarded but not delivered to the current mailboxes, which is what we want since those people are leaving the company.

Now, all incoming messages to those users will be routed to their new external domain without landing in their current mailboxes!

Skype For Business Showing Out of Office For User Who Is Not OOF

In my Exchange 2016/SFB 2015 environment, I have a user named Mary, where OOF is showing enabled/turned on when looking her up in SFB and Outlook:

The problem is: she isn't Out Of Office, she's there, sitting at her desk.

In the Exchange Management Shell (and the ECP in "manage another user") automatic reply status shows as disabled:

Well, we know the EMS doesn't lie, so it's gotta be client-related.

We tried turning off Outlook cached mode, creating a new local mail profile, and deleting Mary's SFB cache...nothing worked.

On a hunch, I checked Mary's calendar and one of her direct reports named Laura, sent her own OOF as an invite to Mary, which added it to Mary's calendar, therefore showing Mary as OOF:

That's bad practice, and totally confusing for other users. 

To fix it, Mary needs to delete Laura's calendar event and it will remove Mary from looking like she's Out Of Office.

Exchange Install Let's Encrypt On SpamTitan

If your company is anything like the one I work for, they really hate spending money on technology...it almost becomes a yearly fight when renewing things like certificates, even though certs are needed for almost everything regarding messaging.

One of those certs is the SSL cert on SpamTitan, which is used for the WebUI secure connections and more importantly, outbound TLS connections - meaning: external receiving servers can't verify TLS without a public cert.

Luckily, SpamTitan now supports free certs from Let's Encrypt. Now, you're prolly thinking "woah, Let's Encrypt? On production?" Let's Encrypt sometimes gets a bad rap because it expires in 90 days and depending on the system you have to jump through hoops to install/renew it. It's very easy on SpamTitan, it's free, and it will automatically request the certificate, install it, and set up TLS and HTTPS for you. Additionally, it will be automatically renewed before expiration, without ever touching it again...can't do that with a paid public cert, can ya? 😁

Here's how to install the Let's Encrypt certificate on your SpamTitan appliance.

Go to Settings > SSL

Provide all the same information as if you're requesting a cert from a public CA:

Common Name: This is the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) that will be used in the URL to access the SpamTitan UI. It must match the server name exactly, otherwise you will get a warning dialog every time you visit the site. An example, spamtitan.exchangeitup.com.

Organization: This is the name of your company or organization.

Organization Unit: Specify a specific department within your organization, like IT.

City: This is the name of the city or town where the organization is located

State/Province: This is the full name of the state or province where the organization is located.

Country: This is the two-letter country code of the location of the organization. e.g. US

**Note** For most CSR's the OU is optional....this is not so on Let's Encrypt. You must input an OU (I use "IT") or else you'll get the following error:

AcmePhp\Ssl\DistinguishedName::$organizationalUnitName expected a string. Got: ""

Notice that the "$organizationalUnitName expected a string" got an empty value.

If that happens fill out your CSR info again, with an OU this time and it will run successfully

Hit the "Run" button next to "Use Let's Encrypt to generate a Certificate"

Important: the outbound cert validation needs to be accessible over port 80 at all times, for Let's Encrypt servers to renew/validate the cert. Blocking port 80 on the firewall if you run your own SpamTitan appliance, or disabling HTTP is not recommended or else Let's Encrypt may not be able to renew the certificate every 90 days. If your security requires it, you can disable HTTP after the validation, just set yourself a reminder to to temporarily enable it in 90 days for renewal.

If you get an error that port 80 is blocked, we'll need to enable HTTP.

Go to Settings > Access/Authentication under the Web Management Protocol section and hit the "Enable" button next to HTTP. It will then show as ON

Now, run your Let's Encrypt again, it should verify successfully and be marked as active

You'll also see that its installed in the "Installed Signed Certificates" section

And if you check the cert in your browser, you'll see the Let's Encrypt Issued By "R3" , which matches the Common Name in the above screenshot.

And you'll see that the Let's Encrypt cert has been set for the HTTPS connections in the Web Management Protocol settings

And you'll see that the Let's Encrypt cert has been enabled for TLS connections under Settings > TLS

And lastly, you'll need to make sure that the Let's Encrypt cert is selected for outbound TLS connections, by going to System Setup > Mail Relay...scroll to the bottom and select the Let's Encrypt cert in the drop-down and click Save:

There you have it! An easy, FREE cert for securing your SpamTitan management and outbound communications!

Exchange Safely Installing Security Updates Without Errors (Updated Post)

 As you probably know by now, MS is releasing out-of-band Security Updates for Exchange 2013/2016/2019 to combat regularly discovered exploits...it started last year about this time with the HAFNIUM exploit. It only affects on-prem Exchange, according to MS (though I don't know how since Exchange Online is Exchange, but that's beside the point).

I see on lots of forums where Exchange admins mess up their systems by installing the Security Updates wrong; this includes ECP being broken, services not starting, etc. So, I'll show you how to easily install them, error free.

For this, we will be using the command prompt. We WILL NOT use Windows Update and we WILL NOT run the .msp directly.

Hide/Disable The Update

First, you'll want to go to Windows Update and uncheck and hide the Security Update (right-click > hide update).

That means: DO NOT install it from Windows Update, and if you use SCCM/WSUS, stop pushing Exchange Security Updates altogether.

Download the Update

Next, you'll wanna make sure you manually download the correct update, because they are CU-dependent.

For instance, if you are currently up to date on Exchange 2016, which is CU22 as of this writing, you'll want this update:

Download Security Update For Exchange Server 2016 CU22 (KB5012698) from Official Microsoft Download Center

Install The Update

Once you have it downloaded, save it to your favorite directory on all of your Exchange Servers, like C:\Updates.

**Note** You will need to install the update on Mailbox Servers, CAS Servers (if you've spilt roles in Exchange 2013), Edge Servers, and Hybrid Servers. It's your choice if you want to install it on any Management Tools Servers, but it won't hurt to do so.

Put your server in Maintenance Mode.

**Note** I recommend Maintenance Mode even for single servers, because we don't want anything interfering with the install and since the installer will disable Exchange services, it's better to be safe.

Fire up an Elevated CMD (right-click CMD.exe > Run As Administrator).

Next, cd to the directory where you saved your install file like so:

cd C:\Updates

Next, in Windows Explorer navigate to the directory and copy the full path by selecting the .msp file and clicking "Copy Path" in the ribbon or SHIFT-Right-Click the file > Copy As Path:

In the CMD window, right-click to paste the path, including the double quotes:

Hit ENTER and the installer will ask if you want to run the file, hit OK and follow the prompts...accept the EULA, next, next a couple times and you're done.

**Note** Some machines will seem to take a loooooooong time during the "calculating space" phase; it could take an hour in some cases. For instance, one of my DAG nodes took 5 minutes, one took 30 minutes, and two took an hour. Let it do it's thing, don't mess with it...rest assured it will go on it's own.

Once the install is finished it may ask you to reboot the machine, go ahead and reboot. If it doesn't prompt you, go ahead and reboot.

Once the server comes back up, take it out of Maintenance Mode and proceed on your next server.

Updated 6/2022:

MS is now releasing SUs (Security Updates) in .EXE format instead of msp, which is supposed to negate running elevated as it automatically extracts to a temp directory and runs using UAC. 

They say you can double-click the su.exe file and it will run. Do I advise doing that? NO! It is still safer to run the .exe using the instructions above (in an elevated CMD) to make sure it runs with proper permissions...just copy the path of the exe instead of the msp.

Congrats, you're done! Now you should be patched up to date, with healthy servers...which means all services are running and ECP/OWA works!

Exchange Removing Old/Expired Federation Certificates

I'll start off by saying Microsoft really dropped the ball on renewing an Exchange Federation Certificate. 

Following the MS instructions here, tells you how to renew it (sure, that's part of what we need) but they don't tell you how to remove the old one...which leads to the EAC screaming at you that certs are about to expire or already have. And there's no supported/built-in option like removing other self-signed certs.

If you even try to remove the old/expired Federation cert, it will throw the following error:

A special Rpc error occurs on server blah blah. Active certificates in use by Federation cannot be removed.

Well, that's weird...because we've already replaced the Fed Cert, right? Wrong...

When you renew a Federation Cert, it moves the old certificate to an ADSI attribute called "msExchFedOrgPrevPrivCertificate" and sets the new cert as the "msExchFedOrgPrivCertificate".

Notice the "PrevPriv" and "OrgPriv" in those names? 

**Note** These attributes can be found in ADSIEdit under CN=Configuration,DC=domain,DC=com > CN=Services > CN=Microsoft Exchange > CN=DOMAINNAME > CN=Federation Trusts > CN=Microsoft Federation Gateway > Properties

For some (stupid) reason, Exchange still sees the msExchFedOrgPrivCertificate as being used by Federation and MS should really fix that...I mean, do they NOT expect anyone to keep Exchange around longer than 5 years, which is when the certs expire?

In order to get around this, we need to clear that msExchFedOrgPrivCertificate attribute, after which, we can delete the cert from Exchange.

The Fix

I've come up with a PowerShell cmdlet to do just that.

Disclaimer: Modifying anything in ADSI can be destructive, so make sure you have a good AD backup or export the attribute using LDIFDE - you can find guides for that on the net.

Check The Attribute

In the Exchange Management Shell (EMS), run the following cmdlet to check our msExchFedOrgPrivCertificate value:

Get-ADObject -LDAPFilter "(objectclass=msexchfedtrust)" -SearchBase "CN=Microsoft Federation Gateway,CN=Federation Trusts,CN=EXCHANGEITUP,CN=Microsoft Exchange,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,DC=exchangeitup,DC=com" -Properties * | Select msExchFedOrgPrevPrivCertificate

**Note** Change "CN=EXCHANGEITUP" and "DC=exchangeitup,DC=com" to match your domain

It should output a hex value like so:

msExchFedOrgPrevPrivCertificate : {57, 52, 68, 48, 55, 52, 65, 53, 50, 69, 56, 51, 69, 49, 67, 56...}

Clear The Attribute

Next, we're going to clear the value, with the Set-ADObject, like so:

Set-ADObject "CN=Microsoft Federation Gateway,CN=Federation Trusts,CN=EXCHANGEITUP,CN=Microsoft Exchange,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,DC=exchangeitup,DC=com" -Clear msExchFedOrgPrevPrivCertificate 

What this does is search the ADSI Exchange Federation container for the "msExchFedOrgPrevPrivCertificate" attribute and uses the "-Clear" command to remove the entry.

**Note** Change "CN=EXCHANGEITUP" and "DC=exchangeitup,DC=com" to match your domain.

If you run your first cmdlet again, the value will be empty.

Delete The Certificate

Next, we'll get the cert thumbprint by running:

Get-ExchangeCertificate | Select Services,Thumbprint,NotAfter | ft -auto

You'll want to look at the Services column for "Federation" and the NotAfter column to find the old/expired cert and copy that Thumbprint.

Now, we'll remove that old certificate from Exchange by running the following for each of your Mailbox Servers:

Remove-ExchangeCertificate -Server MBX1 -Thumbprint 94D074A52E83E1C81528EE3C43FEE42266ED80A0 -Confirm:$false

**Note** Change "MBX1" to your server name(s), successively.

You can also do this in the EAC by navigating to Servers > Certificates > Select the Old Fed Cert and click the Trashcan icon

Do this on each Mailbox Server.

Now if you check the EAC, the old Federation Certificate will be gone from each of your servers, the alerts will be gone and Federation will still work!

Renewing A Public Cert On A Totemomail Encryption Gateway

This isn't technically an Exchange article, but for those unfortunate admins that are unlucky enough to have been forced by management to run a Totemomail Encryption Gateway in their environment, this post will show you how to renew your public certificate.

The reason I'm writing this is because Totemo makes ZERO resources available to the public on how to manage this terrible product and they force you to open a ticket for everything...job security I guess.

Unlike most other appliances, web servers, etc. the cert request process on the Totemo Gateway doesn't include the private key, which is needed later for the new cert import. You'd think if it were required for the import, it would be included in the request, but as I said above, the product is garbage.

So you need to export the private key manually and then jump through some hoops to merge it with your new cert from your CA; that requires some OpenSSL work, which is a bit of a pain.

First, start your cert request. 

Expand Certificates > Own Server Certificates > hit the "New HTTPS cert" button.

Fill out your org info and download/save the req on your local machine.

Send the req to your public CA and you should get a cert.cer and intermediate.pem back.

Next, export the private key

**Note** The private key is stored in the Totemo database (either locally or in a standalone DB, depending on how you have it set up)

You can export the private key from your current HTTPS cert or from a current user.

To export the private key from the current HTTPS cert, Expand Certificates > Own Server Certificates

Click the cert icon > go to the Details tab > hit the "export with pr. key" button

Enter your first and second "four eyes password"

Enter your password that will be set on the private key file, twice

Hit "Download"

To export the private key from a user, expand User Management > Users.

Click the certificate management (keys icon) for an active user > click the cert icon > Details tab > "export with pr. key" button

Enter your first and second  "four eyes password"

Enter your password that will be set on the private key file, twice

Hit "Download"

A gotcha here: make sure you use a strong password on the export (capital, lowercase, number and special character, and at least 8 characters long). There is no "help" prompt on the Totemo for this, it just throws a stupid error that says "error connecting to database" which doesn't mean anything at all.

***Note*** In order for the "export with pr. key" button to be visible in the above steps, you first need to set your "Four Eyes Password" under the Four Eyes Password section...set both passwords; they can be anything, but make them strong. If they haven't been set yet, leave the box empty and hit the "Continue" button to set them.

Once you have your private key exported, fire up OpenSSL, which should be located in C:\Program Files\OpenSSL-Win64

If you don't have it installed you can grab it from here 

First we need to extract the key file. Copy your privatekey.p12 file to the C:\Program Files\OpenSSL-Win64\bin directory then run the following command:

openssl pkcs12 -in privatekey.p12 -out totemokey.key -nodes -nocerts

***Note*** Change privatekey.p12 to the filename of your p12

Next, copy your totemokey.key, cert.crt and intermediate.pem files to the C:\Program Files\OpenSSL-Win64\bin directory

Now we'll merge the files by running the following command:

openssl pkcs12 -export -out totemo.pfx -inkey totemokey.key -in cert.crt -certfile ntermediate.pem

***Note*** Change to totemo.pfx, totemokey.key, cert.crt, ntermediate.pem to the filenames of your certs

You will be prompted to create a password; this can be anything, but I suggest make it strong.

Once it completes, you will have a brand new pfx file, which you will import into the Totemo

Expand Certificates > Own Server Certificates

In the dropdown, select "Import certificate for HTTPS"

Hit the "choose file" button and select your new .pfx

Enter your password you set on the pfx in OpenSSL

Hit OK

If it goes correctly, it will list your new cert.

You can now delete your old cert and the cert req and reboot the webmail service...that's required or else the old cert will still be assigned to the services (which is stupid).

Exchange Finding Mismatched Email and Target Addresses

If you follow my blog, you know that I run an Exchange Resource Forest in the US, which syncs MailUsers from another Exchange environment in EMEA using MIM.

For the most part, it works...I say "most part" because it doesn't take into account user name changes as far as the TargetAddress attribute is concerned.

The problem is: if a user has a name change (which is very common when people get married or when HR misspells names - all too often), and their primary email address changes, but the TargetAddress doesn't, then your senders will get bounces from your mail server saying "recipient doesn't exist".

This is also a problem with some Hybrid Environments as well because mailboxes need to have the mail.onmicrosoft.com target in order to function...so this might help in that scenario too.

I came up with a quick PowerShell cmdlet to generate a list of all users with mismatched Email Addresses and Target Addresses.

Fire up the EMS (Exchange Management Shell) or the Active Directory Shell and  run:

Get-AdUser -Filter {Mail -like "*"} -Properties Mail,Targetaddress | Where-Object {($_.mail -and $_.targetAddress) -and ($_.mail -ne ($_.targetAddress -replace "SMTP:",""))} | select mail,@{Expression={$_.targetaddress -replace "SMTP:"};label="Target"} | Export-Csv MismatchedTargets.csv

**Note** If you want narrow down your search to a specific OU, you can add the -Searchbase switch after Get-AdUser

Now you can comb your list and correct the mismatches, and fix those bounces!

Exchange Script Set Litigation, Description, and Deletion Protection

In most large organizations, the Active Directory (AD) team and Messaging Team are separate, and in most cases don't coordinate their account operations very much...meaning they don't talk to each other, until it's too late.

Case in point: A user's mailbox is under Litigation Hold. The Exchange admins know this, the AD admins don't. The AD admins delete the AD account from Active Directory Users and Computers (ADUC) effectively disabling the mailbox...and all content needed for legal hold goes with it.

An easy way to prevent this from happening is to set the AD Account description field with something like "Litigation Hold - Do Not Delete" and setting the "Prevent Accidental Deletion" flag to Enabled on the Object.

For that purpose, I've created the following script which will prompt you for a user, append the description, and enable prevent delete.

Instead of manually setting Litigation Hold in Exchange, run this script in the Exchange Management Shell (EMS), which will set everything for you. Then when the AD admins look at the account, they'll hopefully see the "Do Not Delete" description and even if they try, ADUC will throw an error that it's protected from deletion!

**Note** We run ServiceNow (SNOW) in our environment, which has the power to delete AD accounts. Through my testing, SNOW honors the Prevent Deletion flag as well and will throw an error, so I would assume most automation suites would too.

You can grab the script from my GDrive or copy/paste the following block into Notepad and save as "Set-Litigation-ADProtection.ps1":

#######################################################
# This script will prompt you for a mailbox, then
# set Litigation Hold, change AD description,
# and set AD deletion protection on account
#
# Run Set-Litigation-ADProtection.ps1 in the EMS
#
# Stacey Branham
#
# 2021
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$name = Read-Host "Enter a username"

##Append legal hold disclaimer to AD Description Field

Get-ADUser "$name" -Properties Description | ForEach-Object {Set-ADUser $_ -Description "$($_.Description) - Do Not Delete - Legal Hold"}

##Enable accidental deletion protection on account

Get-ADUser "$name" | ForEach-Object {Set-ADObject -Identity $_ -protectedFromAccidentalDeletion $True}

##Enable Litigation Hold on Mailbox

Set-Mailbox "$name" -LitigationHoldEnabled $true

Start-Sleep -s 30

##Checking Our Work

Get-Mailbox "$name" | FL Name,LitigationHoldEnabled,@{N='Description';E={(Get-ADUser $_.Name -properties description).Description}},@{N='Protected';E={(Get-ADUser $_.Name -properties *).ProtectedFromAccidentalDeletion}}

Write-Host "All Done, check the above settings! `n`n" -ForegroundColor Green

**Note** You can change the "- Do Not Delete - Legal Hold" in the 3rd line to something of your choosing...that is what will be appended to the current Description Field.

**Note** If you have a large AD environment, with slow replication, you may need to change the "Start-Sleep -s 30" to 60 or higher to give it time for the "Set" cmdlets to finish.

Now, your users under Hold won't be deleted and you'll save yourself the headache of de-tombstoning the AD account and reconnecting the mailbox!

PSA: Kemp Patch 7.2.52.0 May Break Exchange Federation

In my Exchange 2016 environment, I run a Kemp LoadMaster VLM-2000 (which is awesome and their support is the best).

If you run a LoadMaster as well, and you're planning to update, please read my notes below:

I recently updated my LoadMaster to the latest build (7.2.52.0) and along with it, the cipher set gets replaced with their new "bestpractices cipher set". 

You can see the release notes here, which lays out what is removed and what is kept.

Basically, they removed unsecure ciphers according to SSL guidelines, but what I found (the hard way) is that it may break your Exchange Free/Busy Federation you have with other organizations.

In my organization, we run two Resource Forests, one in Europe and one in the US (which I am responsible for). After updating the Kemp, I got reports from the EU users that they can no longer view US users' Free/Busy. 

Interestingly, this only affected Outlook, not OWA; the Scheduling Assistant in OWA worked fine.

In order to fix the issue, I had to set the cipher set back to default. 

**Note** The better fix is to actually friggin' update Outlook to support new ciphers, but my client is woefully behind on client patching.

Here's how to set Kemp ciphers:

In the Kemp, navigate to Virtual Services > View/Modify Services > click Modify:

**Note** You'll need to modify the VSSs for both internal and external.

Next, expand the SSL Properties section and in the "Cipher Set" dropdown choose either "default" or "Default_NoRc4". 

**Note** "Default_NoRc4" is more secure, but may not work with legacy clients, so "Default" can work also.

Once done, your Federated partners should be able to view Free/Busy.

If you want to keep the new "best practice" ciphers, you can build your own custom cipher set to include both the old ones (which worked previously) and the new updated ones. Just make sure to backup your LM first!

Under the SSL Properties, next to the Cipher Set dropdown, click "Modify Cipher Set".

You can then cross reference your current cipher set with the Kemp article linked above, to add/remove the ciphers and save your own list.